Daftar album terbaik sepanjang masa selalu jadi bahan perdebatan yang tak pernah selesai, bahkan ketika rujukannya berasal dari media besar seperti Rolling Stone. Dalam lanskap budaya populer yang terus berubah, penilaian terhadap sebuah karya musik tak pernah benar-benar objektif, melainkan dipengaruhi zaman, industri, hingga kekuatan narasi yang dibangun.
Bagi sebagian orang, daftar ini adalah kitab suci musik yang merepresentasikan puncak pencapaian artistik. Namun bagi yang lain, ia hanyalah potret selera segelintir pihak yang bisa—dan layak—untuk diperdebatkan kembali.
Di tengah derasnya perkembangan album musik lintas genre dan generasi, daftar seperti ini juga sering kali menjadi acuan awal bagi pendengar untuk menjelajahi karya-karya legendaris. Meski begitu, penting untuk diingat bahwa selera tetap bersifat personal, dan setiap orang punya versinya sendiri tentang album terbaik sepanjang masa.
Baca juga: 6 Musisi Indonesia yang Mendunia: Dari Rich Brian hingga No Na
500 Album Terbaik Sepanjang Masa Versi Rolling Stone
Berikut adalah daftar album terbaik sepanjang masa versi Rolling Stone yang mencerminkan perjalanan panjang sejarah album musik dunia dari berbagai genre dan era:
- Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band-The Beatles 1967
- Pet Sounds-Beach Boys
- Revolver-Beatles 1966
- Highway 61 Revisited-Bob Dylan
- Rubber Soul-Beatles 1965
- What’s Going On-Marvin Gaye
- Exile On Main Street-Rolling Stones
- London Calling-Clash
- Blonde On Blonde-Bob Dylan
- The White Album-The Beatles 1967
- The Sun Sessions-Elvis Presley
- Kind Of Blue-Miles Davis
- Velvet Underground And Nico-Velvet Underground
- Abbey Road- The Beatles 1968
- Are You Experienced-Jimi Hendrix Experience
- Blood On The Tracks-Bob Dylan
- Nevermind-Nirvana
- Born To Run-Bruce Springsteen
- Astral Weeks-Van Morrison
- Thriller-Michael Jackson
- The Great Twenty-Eight-Chuck Berry
- Plastic Ono Band-John Lennon 1971
- Innervisions-Stevie Wonder
- Live at the Apollo-James Brown
- Rumours-Fleetwood Mac
- The Joshua Tree-U2
- King Of The Delta Blues Singers, Vol. 1-Robert Johnson
- Who’s Next-The Who
- Led Zeppelin-Led Zeppelin
- Blue-Joni Mitchell
- Bringing It All Back Home-Bob Dylan
- Let It Bleed-Rolling Stones
- Ramones-Ramones
- Music From Big Pink-Band
- The Rise And Fall Of Ziggy Stardust And The Spiders From Mars-David Bowie
- Tapestry-Carole King
- Hotel California-Eagles
- The Anthology, 1947-1972-Muddy Waters
- Please Please Me – The Beatles 1963
- Forever Changes-Love
- Never Mind The Bollocks, Here’s The Sex Pistols-Sex Pistols
- The Doors-Doors
- The Dark Side Of The Moon-Pink Floyd
- Horses-Patti Smith
- The Band-Band
- Legend-Bob Marley And The Wailers
- A Love Supreme-John Coltrane
- It Takes A Nation Of Millions To Hold Us Back-Public Enemy
- At Fillmore East-Allman Brothers Band
- Here’s Little Richard-Little Richard
- Bridge Over Troubled Waters-Simon And Garfunkel
- Greatest Hits-Al Green
- The Birth Of Soul, The Complete Atlantic Rhythm And Blues Recordings, 1952-1959-Ray Charles
- Electric Ladyland-Jimi Hendrix Experience
- Elvis Presley-Elvis Presley
- Songs In The Key Of Life-Stevie Wonder
- Beggars Banquet-Rolling Stones
- Trout Mask Replica-Captain Beefheart And His Magic Band
- Meet The Beatles-Beatles
- Greatest Hits-Sly And The Family Stone
- Appetite For Destruction-Guns N’ Roses
- Achtung Baby-U2
- Sticky Fingers-Rolling Stones
- Phil Spector, Back to Mono (1958 – 1969)-Various Artists
- Moondance-Van Morrison
- Led Zeppelin IV-Led Zeppelin
- The Stranger-Billy Joel
- Off the Wall-Michael Jackson
- Superfly-Curtis Mayfield
- Physical Graffiti-Led Zeppelin
- After The Gold Rush-Neil Young
- Purple Rain-Prince
- Back In Black-AC/DC
- Otis Blue-Otis Redding
- Led Zeppelin II-Led Zeppelin
- Imagine-John Lennon 1972
- The Clash-Clash
- Harvest-Neil Young
- Star Time-James Brown
- Odessey And Oracle-Zombies
- Graceland-Paul Simon
- Axis, Bold As Love-Jimi Hendrix Experience
- I Never Loved A Man The Way I Love You-Aretha Franklin
- Lady Soul-Aretha Franklin
- Born In The U.S.A.-Bruce Springsteen
- Let It Be- The Beatles 1970
- The Wall-Pink Floyd
- At Folsom Prison-Johnny Cash
- Dusty In Memphis-Dusty Springfield
- Talking Book-Stevie Wonder
- Goodbye Yellow Brick Road-Elton John
- 20 Golden Greats-Buddy Holly
- Sign ‘O’ The Times-Prince
- Bitches Brew-Miles Davis
- Green River-Creedence Clearwater Revival
- Tommy-Who
- The Freewheelin’ Bob Dylan-Bob Dylan
- This Year’s Model-Elvis Costello
- There’s A Riot Goin’ On-Sly And The Family Stone
- In The Wee Small Hours-Frank Sinatra
- Fresh Cream-Cream
- Giant Steps-John Coltrane
- Sweet Baby James-James Taylor
- Modern Sounds In Country And Western Music-Ray Charles
- Rocket To Russia-Ramones
- Portrait Of A Legend 1951 – 1964-Sam Cooke
- Hunky Dory-David Bowie
- Aftermath-Rolling Stones
- Loaded-Velvet Underground
- The Bends-Radiohead
- Court and Spark-Joni Mitchell
- Disraeli Gears-Cream
- The Who Sell Out-Who
- Out Of Our Heads-Rolling Stones
- Layla And Other Assorted Love Songs-Derek And The Dominos
- At Last-Etta James
- Sweetheart of the Rodeo-Byrds
- Stand!-Sly and the Family Stone
- The Harder They Come Original Soundtrack-Various Artists
- Raising Hell-Run-DMC
- Moby Grape-Moby Grape
- Pearl-Janis Joplin
- Catch a Fire-Bob Marley and the Wailers
- Younger Than Yesterday-Byrds
- Raw Power-Stooges
- Remain in Light-Talking Heads
- If You Can Believe Your Eyes and Ears-Mamas And The Papas
- Marquee Moon-Television
- 40 Greatest Hits-Hank Williams
- Paranoid-Black Sabbath
- Saturday Night Fever Original Soundtrack-Various Artists
- The Wild, the Innocent and the E Street Shuffle-Bruce Springsteen
- Ready to Die-Notorious B.I.G.
- Slanted and Enchanted-Pavement
- Greatest Hits-Elton John
- Tim-Replacements
- The Chronic-Dr. Dre
- Rejuvenation-Meters
- All That You Can’t Leave Behind-U2
- Parallel Lines-Blondie
- Live At The Regal-B.B. King
- Phil Spector, A Christmas Gift for You-Various Artists
- Gris-Gris-Dr. John
- Straight Outta Compton-N.W.A
- Aja-Steely Dan
- Surrealistic Pillow-Jefferson Airplane
- Dreams to Remember: The Otis Redding Anthology-Otis Redding
- Deja Vu-Crosby Stills Nash and Young
- Houses of the Holy-Led Zeppelin
- Santana-Santana
- Darkness on the Edge of Town-Bruce Springsteen
- The B-52’s-B-52’s
- Moanin’ In The Moonlight-Howlin’ Wolf
- The Low End Theory-A Tribe Called Quest
- Pretenders-Pretenders
- Paul’s Boutique-Beastie Boys
- Closer-Joy Division
- Captain Fantastic and the Brown Dirt Cowboy-Elton John
- Alive-Kiss
- Electric Warrior-T. Rex
- The Dock Of The Bay-Otis Redding
- OK Computer-Radiohead
- 1999-Prince
- Heart Like A Wheel-Linda Ronstadt
- Let’s Get It On-Marvin Gaye
- Imperial Bedroom-Elvis Costello
- Master Of Puppets-Metallica
- My Aim Is True-Elvis Costello
- Exodus-Bob Marley
- Live At Leeds-Who
- The Notorious Byrd Brothers-Byrds
- Every Picture Tells A Story-Rod Stewart
- Something, Anything-Todd Rundgren
- Desire-Bob Dylan
- Close To You-Carpenters
- Rocks-Aerosmith
- One Nation Under A Groove-Parliament, Funkadelic
- Greatest Hits-Byrds
- The Anthology 1961-1977-Curtis Mayfield And The Impressions
- The Definitive Collection-Abba
- The Rolling Stones, Now!-Rolling Stones
- Natty Dread-Bob Marley And The Wailers
- Fleetwood Mac-Fleetwood Mac
- Red Headed Stranger-Willie Nelson
- The Stooges-Stooges
- Fresh-Sly And The Family Stone
- So-Peter Gabriel
- Buffalo Springfield Again-Buffalo Springfield
- Happy Trails-Quicksilver Messenger Service
- From Elvis In Memphis-Elvis Presley
- Funhouse-Stooges
- The Gilded Palace Of Sin-Flying Burrito Brothers
- Dookie-Greenday
- Transformer-Lou Reed
- Bluesbreakers-John Mayall With Eric Clapton
- Nuggets, Original Artyfacts From The First Psychedelic Era 1965-1968-Various Artists
- Murmur-R.E.M.
- The Best Of-Little Walter
- Highway To Hell-AC/DC
- The Downward Spiral-Nine Inch Nails
- Parsley, Sage, Rosemary And Thyme-Simon And Garfunkel
- Bad-Michael Jackson
- Wheels Of Fire-Cream
- Dirty Mind-Prince
- Abraxas-Santana
- Tea For The Tillerman-Cat Stevens
- Ten-Pearl Jam
- Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere-Neil Young With Crazy Horse
- Wish You Were Here-Pink Floyd
- Crooked Rain, Crooked Rain-Pavement
- Tattoo You-Rolling Stones
- Proud Mary, The Best Of Ike And Tina Turner-Ike And Tina Turner
- New York Dolls-New York Dolls
- Bo Diddley, Go Bo Diddley-Bo Diddley
- Two Steps From the Blues-Bobby Bland
- The Queen Is Dead-Smiths
- Licensed to Ill-Beastie Boys
- Look-Ka Py Py-Meters
- Loveless-My Bloody Valentine
- New Orleans Piano-Professor Longhair
- War-U2
- The Neil Diamond Collection-Neil Diamond
- Howlin’ Wolf-Howlin’ Wolf
- Nebraska-Bruce Springsteen
- The Complete Hank Williams-Hank Williams
- Doolittle-Pixies
- Paid In Full-Eric B. And Rakim
- Toys In The Attic-Aerosmith
- Nick Of Time-Bonnie Raitt
- A Night At The Opera-Queen
- The Kink Kronikles-Kinks
- Mr. Tambourine Man-The Byrds
- Bookends-Simon And Garfunkel
- The Ultimate Collection-Patsy Cline
- Mr. Excitement!-Jackie Wilson
- The Who Sings My Generation-Who
- Like A Prayer-Madonna
- Can’t Buy A Thrill-Steely Dan
- Let It Be-Replacements
- Run-DMC-Run-DMC
- Black Sabbath-Black Sabbath
- The Jerry Lee Lewis Anthology: All Killer No Filler!-Jerry Lee Lewis
- Freak Out!-Mothers Of Invention
- Live Dead-Grateful Dead
- Bryter Layter-Nick Drake
- The Shape of Jazz to Come-Ornette Coleman
- Automatic for the People-R.E.M.
- Reasonable Doubt-Jay-Z
- Low-David Bowie
- The River-Bruce Springsteen
- The Otis Redding Dictionary Of Soul-Otis Redding
- Metallica-Metallica
- Trans-Europe Express-Kraftwerk
- Whitney Houston-Whitney Houston
- The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society-Kinks
- The Velvet Rope-Janet Jackson
- Stardust-Willie Nelson
- American Beauty-Grateful Dead
- Crosby Stills And Nash-Crosby Stills And Nash
- Buena Vista Social Club-Buena Vista Social Club
- Tracy Chapman-Tracy Chapman
- Workingman’s Dead-Grateful Dead
- The Genius Of Ray Charles-Ray Charles
- Child Is Father To The Man-Blood, Sweat And Tears
- Cosmo’s Factory-Creedence Clearwater Revival
- Quadrophenia-Who
- There Goes Rhymin’ Simon-Paul Simon
- Psycho Candy-Jesus and Mary Chain
- Some Girls-Rolling Stones
- The Beach Boys Today!-Beach Boys
- Going To A Go-Go-Smokey Robinson And The Miracles
- Nightbirds-Labelle
- The Slim Shady LP-Eminem
- Mothership Connection-Parliament
- Rhythm Nation 1814-Janet Jackson
- Anthology of American Folk Music-Harry Smith, ed.
- Aladdin Sane-David Bowie
- The Immaculate Collection-Madonna
- My Life-Mary J. Blige
- Folk Singer-Muddy Waters
- Can’t Get Enough-Barry White
- The Cars-Cars
- Five Leaves Left-Nick Drake
- Music of My Mind-Stevie Wonder
- I’m Still in Love With You-Al Green
- Los Angeles-X
- Anthem Of The Sun-Grateful Dead
- Something Else by the Kinks-Kinks
- Call Me-Al Green
- Talking Heads: 77-Talking Heads
- The Basement Tapes-Bob Dylan and the Band
- White Light / White Heat-Velvet Underground
- Greatest Hits-Simon and Garfunkel
- Kick Out the Jams-MC5
- Meat Is Murder-Smiths
- We’re Only In It For The Money-Mothers Of Invention
- Weezer (Blue Album)-Weezer
- Master of Reality-Black Sabbath
- Coat Of Many Colors-Dolly Parton
- Fear Of A Black Planet-Public Enemy
- John Wesley Harding-Bob Dylan
- The Marshall Mathers LP-Eminem
- Grace-Jeff Buckley
- Car Wheels on a Gravel Road-Lucinda Williams
- Odelay-Beck
- Songs for Swingin’ Lovers-Frank Sinatra
- Avalon-Roxy Music
- The Sun Records Collection-Various Artists
- Nothing’s Shocking-Jane’s Addiction
- Blood Sugar Sex Magik-Red Hot Chili Peppers
- MTV Unplugged In New York-Nirvana
- The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill-Lauryn Hill
- Damn The Torpedoes-Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers
- The Velvet Underground-Velvet Underground
- Surfer Rosa-Pixies
- Rock Steady-No Doubt
- The Eminem Show-Eminem
- Back Stabbers-O’Jays
- Burnin’-Bob Marley and the Wailers
- Pink Moon-Nick Drake
- Sail Away-Randy Newman
- Ghost in the Machine-Police
- Station To Station-David Bowie
- The Very Best of Linda Ronstadt-Linda Ronstadt
- Slowhand-Eric Clapton
- Disintegration-Cure
- Jagged Little Pill-Alanis Morissette
- Exile in Guyville-Liz Phair
- Daydream Nation-Sonic Youth
- In the Jungle Groove-James Brown
- Tonight’s the Night-Neil Young
- Help!- The Beatles 1965
- Shoot Out the Lights-Richard and Linda Thompson
- Wild Gift-X
- Squeezing Out Sparks-Graham Parker
- Superunknown-Soundgarden
- Aqualung-Jethro Tull
- Cheap Thrills-Big Brother And The Holding Company
- The Heart Of Saturday Night-Tom Waits
- Damaged-Black Flag
- Play-Moby
- Violator-Depeche Mode
- Bat Out of Hell-Meat Loaf
- Berlin-Lou Reed
- Stop Making Sense-Talking Heads
- 3 Feet High and Rising-De La Soul
- The Piper at the Gates of Dawn-Pink Floyd
- At Newport 1960-Muddy Waters
- Roger the Engineer (a.k.a. Over Under Sideways Down)-Yardbirds
- Rust Never Sleeps-Neil Young and Crazy Horse
- Brothers in Arms-Dire Straits
- 52nd Street-Billy Joel
- Having a Rave Up With the Yardbirds-Yardbirds
- 12 Songs-Randy Newman
- Between The Buttons-Rolling Stones
- Sketches of Spain-Miles Davis
- Honky Chateau-Elton John
- Singles Going Steady-Buzzcocks
- Stankonia-Outkast
- Siamese Dream-Smashing Pumpkins
- Substance-New Order
- L.A. Woman-Doors
- Ray Of Light-Madonna
- American Recordings-Johnny Cash
- Louder Than Bombs-Smiths
- Mott-Mott The Hoople
- Is This It-Strokes
- Rage Against The Machine-Rage Against the Machine
- Reggatta De Blanc-Police
- Volunteers-Jefferson Airplane
- Siren-Roxy Music
- Late For The Sky-Jackson Browne
- Post-Bjork
- The Eagles-Eagles
- The Ultimate Collection (1948 – 1990)-John Lee Hooker
- (What’s The Story) Morning Glory-Oasis
- CrazySexyCool-TLC
- Funky Kingston-Toots And The Maytals
- Greetings From Asbury Park-Bruce Springsteen
- Sunflower-Beach Boys
- Modern Lovers-Modern Lovers
- More Songs About Buildings And Food-Talking Heads
- A Quick One (Happy Jack)-Who
- Pyromania-Def Leppard
- Pretzel Logic-Steely Dan
- Enter the Wu-Tang: 36 Chambers-Wu-Tang Clan
- Country Life-Roxy Music
- A Hard Day’s Night-Beatles
- The End Of The Innocence-Don Henley
- Elephant-White Stripes
- The Pretender-Jackson Browne
- Willy And The Poor Boys-Creedence Clearwater Revival
- Good Old Boys-Randy Newman
- For Your Pleasure-Roxy Music
- Blue Lines-Massive Attack
- Eliminator-ZZ Top
- Rain Dogs-Tom Waits
- Anthology-Temptations
- Californication-Red Hot Chili Peppers
- Illmatic-Nas
- (Pronounced Leh-Nerd Skin-Nerd)-Lynyrd Skynyrd
- Dr. John’s Gumbo-Dr. John
- Radio City-Big Star
- Sandinista!-Clash
- Rid Of Me-PJ Harvey
- I Do Not Want What I Haven’t Got-Sinead O’ Connor
- Strange Days-Doors
- Time Out Of Mind-Bob Dylan
- 461 Ocean Boulevard, Eric Clapton
- Pink Flag-Wire
- Double Nickels on the Dime, Minutemen
- Mezzanine, Massive Attack
- Beauty and the Beat, Go-Go’s
- Greatest Hits, James Brown
- Van Halen , Van Halen
- Mule Variations, Tom Waits
- Boy, U2
- Band On The Run-Wings
- Dummy, Portishead
- With The Beatles- The Beatles 1963
- The “Chirping” Crickets-Buddy Holly And The Crickets
- The Best of the Girl Groups, Volumes 1 and 2-Various Artists
- Greatest Hits-Mamas And The Papas
- King Of The Delta Blues Singers, Vol. 2-Robert Johnson
- Changesone-David Bowie
- The Battle Of Los Angeles-Rage Against The Machine
- Presenting The Fabulous Ronettes Featuring Veronica-Ronettes
- Kid A-Radiohead
- Grievous Angel-Gram Parsons
- At Budokan-Cheap Trick
- Anthology-Diana Ross And The Supremes
- Sleepless-Peter Wolf
- Another Green World-Brian Eno
- Outlandos D’Amour-Police
- To Bring You My Love-PJ Harvey
- Here Come The Warm Jets-Brian Eno
- All Things Must Pass-George Harrison
- 1 Record-Big Star
- In Utero-Nirvana
- Sea Change-Beck
- Tragic Kingdom-No Doubt
- Boys Don’t Cry-Cure
- Live At The Harlem Square Club, 1963-Sam Cooke
- Criminal Minded-Boogie Down Productions
- Rum Sodomy And The Lash-Pogues
- Suicide-Suicide
- Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo!-Devo
- In Color-Cheap Trick
- The World Is A Ghetto-War
- Fly Like an Eagle-Steve Miller Band
- Back In The USA-MC5
- Music-Madonna
- Ritual De Lo Habitual-Jane’s Addiction
- Getz/Gilberto-Stan Getz And Joao Gilberto Featuring Antonio Carlos Jobim
- Synchronicity-Police
- Third Sister Lovers-Big Star
- For Everyman-Jackson Browne
- John Prine-John Prine
- Strictly Business-EPMD
- Love It To Death-Alice Cooper
- How Will The Wolf Survive-Los Lobos
- Here, My Dear-Marvin Gaye
- Tumbleweed Connection-Elton John
- The Blueprint-Jay-Z
- Golden Hits-Drifters
- Live Through This-Hole
- Love And Theft-Bob Dylan
- Elton John-Elton John
- Metal Box-Public Image Ltd.
- Document-R.E.M.
- Heaven Up Here-Echo And The Bunnymen
- Hysteria-Def Leppard
- A Rush Of Blood To The Head-Coldplay
- Live In Europe-Otis Redding
- Tunnel Of Love-Bruce Springsteen
- The Paul Butterfield Blues Band-Paul Butterfield Blues Band
- The Score-Fugees
- Radio-LL Cool J
- I Want To See The Bright Lights Tonight-Richard And Linda Thompson
- Faith-George Michael
- The Smiths-Smiths
- Armed Forces-Elvis Costello And The Attractions
- Life After Death-Notorious B.I.G.
- Branded Man-Merle Haggard
- All Time Greatest Hits-Loretta Lynn
- Maggot Brain-Funkadelic
- Mellon Collie And The Infinite Sadness-Smashing Pumpkins
- Voodoo-D’Angelo
- Guitar Town-Steve Earle
- Entertainment!-Gang Of Four
- All The Young Dudes-Mott The Hoople
- Vitalogy-Pearl Jam
- That’s The Way Of The World-Earth Wind And Fire
- She’s So Unusual-Cyndi Lauper
- New Day Rising-Husker Du
- Destroyer-Kiss
- Yo! Bum Rush The Show-Public Enemy
- Tres Hombres-ZZ Top
- Born Under A Bad Sign-Albert King
- Touch-Eurythmics
Daftar lengkap album terbaik rolling stone mencakup 500 rilisan yang merepresentasikan evolusi musik dari blues, jazz, rock, hingga hip-hop. Nama-nama seperti Marvin Gaye, Nirvana, hingga Jay-Z menjadi bukti bahwa lanskap musik terus berubah mengikuti zaman.
Melihat daftar album terbaik sepanjang masa, satu hal yang sulit dibantah adalah dominasi The Beatles. Band asal Liverpool ini tidak hanya muncul sekali, tetapi berkali-kali dalam daftar, mulai dari Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band hingga Abbey Road, menandakan betapa besar pengaruh mereka dalam sejarah musik.
Fenomena ini memunculkan pertanyaan tentang apakah daftar album terbaik sepanjang masa ini cerminan kualitas objektif, atau dominasi narasi sejarah Barat dalam menentukan album terbaik rolling stone. Ketika satu band mengisi banyak posisi, ruang untuk musisi lain otomatis menjadi lebih sempit.
Di sisi lain, hal ini juga bisa dibaca sebagai bukti konsistensi musikal yang jarang dimiliki band lain. The Beatles berhasil bereksperimen lintas genre dan tetap relevan, menjadikan banyak karya mereka layak masuk dalam kategori album terbaik sepanjang masa.
Namun, daftar album terbaik sepanjang masa versi Rolling Stone tetap bukan kebenaran absolut. Ia adalah pintu masuk untuk menjelajahi berbagai album musik yang mungkin belum pernah didengar sebelumnya oleh pendengar.
Daripada sekadar memperdebatkan, publik justru diajak untuk mendengar ulang dan menemukan makna personal dari setiap rilisan. Karena pada akhirnya, album terbaik sepanjang masa bukan hanya soal ranking, tetapi soal koneksi emosional antara musik dan pendengarnya.
Mungkin daftar ini bisa jadi referensi, tapi pilihan tetap ada di tangan masing-masing. Dalam dunia yang semakin demokratis, setiap orang berhak menentukan versinya sendiri tentang album terbaik sepanjang masa.